Stabilization Energy Research Articles

Multi-Objective Optimization of Cell Voltage Based on a Comprehensive Index Evaluation Model in the Aluminum Electrolysis Process

In the abnormal situation of an aluminum electrolysis cell, the setting of cell voltage is mainly based on manual experience. To obtain a smaller cell voltage and optimize the operating parameters, a multi-objective optimization method for cell voltage based on a comprehensive index evaluation model is proposed. Firstly, a comprehensive judgment model of the cell state based on the energy balance, material balance, and stability of the aluminum electrolysis process is established. Secondly, a fuzzy neural network (FNN) based on the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model is designed to establish the cell-state prediction model in order to finish the real-time monitoring of the process. Thirdly, the optimization goal of the process is summarized as having been met when the difference between the average cell voltage and the target value reaches the minimum, and the condition of the cell is excellent. And then, the optimization setting model of cell voltage is established under the constraints of the production and operation requirements. Finally, a multi-objective antlion optimization algorithm (MOALO) is used to solve the above model and find a group of optimized values of the electrolysis cell, which is used to realize the optimization control of the cell state. By using actual production data, the above method is validated to be effective. Moreover, optimized operating parameters are used to verify the prediction model of cell voltage, and the cell state is just excellent. The method is also applied to realize the optimization control of the process. It is of guiding significance for stabilizing the electrolytic aluminum production and achieving energy saving and consumption reduction.

Unraveling the anti-breast cancer activity of Cimicifugae rhizoma using biological network pathways and molecular dynamics simulation.

Cimicifugae is a commonly used treatment for breast cancer, but the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its effectiveness remain unclear. In this research, we employ a combination of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations to uncover the most potent phytochemical within Cimicifugae rhizoma in order to delve into its interaction with the target protein in breast cancer treatment. We identified 18 active compounds and 89 associated targets, primarily associated to various biological processes such as lipid metabolism, the signaling pathway in diabetes, viral infections, and cancer-related pathways. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the two most active compounds, Formononetin and Cimigenol, exhibit strong binding to the target protein AKT1. Through molecular dynamics simulations, we found that the Cimigenol-AKT1 complex exhibits greater structural stability and lower interaction energy compared to the stigmasterol-AKT1 complex. Our study demonstrates that Cimicifugae rhizoma exerts its effects in breast cancer treatment through a multi-component, multi-target synergistic approach. Furthermore, we propose that Cimigenol, targeting AKT-1, represents the most effective compound, offering valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning its role in breast cancer therapy.

Recent Progress on Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Zinc Ion Batteries

Due to their low cost, high capacity, mild assembly and testing conditions, as well as environmentally friendly characteristics, rechargeable zinc ion batteries (RZIBs) have attracted more and more attention. RZIBs have a broad development prospect and may partly replace the traditional batteries in the near future. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing various of high‐efficient cathode materials for improving comprehensive performances of RZIBs. However, many problems such as poor electron/ion conductivity, weak structural stability and complex energy storage mechanisms still exist in current cathode materials which hinder the practical application of RZIBs. This paper presents a timely review on recent progresses and challenges in cathode materials for rechargeable zinc ion batteries (RZIBs). Various types of reported cathode materials for RZIBs are summarized, their electrochemical performances were compared and their probable working mechanisms are investigated with the association of computational chemistry. Moreover, the existing problems and expected development directions of these materials were further discussed.

Sub-two-cycle intense pulse generation based on two-stage hollow-core fiber compression using an ytterbium amplifier

Abstract We demonstrate the generation of sub-two-cycle intense laser pulses based on two-stage hollow-core fiber compression in a compact setup (footprint of 0.65 m x 2.85 m) using a commercial Yb:KGW regenerative amplifier. Spectrally broadened laser pulses with an output power of 7.2 W from the second hollow-core fiber stage are compressed down to 6.6 fs (1.9 cycles at 1030 nm) using a pair of chirp mirrors and a pair of wedges with an efficiency of 86%, leading to a compressed output of 6.2 W. A pulse-to-pulse energy stability of 0.26% is measured for 10 minutes.

Synthesis, Theoretical studies, and antibacterial activity of Novel Zn(II) metal complex with salicylaldehyde semicarbazone, and ortho phenylene diamine ligands.

Computational and experimental investigation of synthesized Zn(II) complex. Salicylaldehyde semicarbazone (SSC) and ortho phenylene diamine (OPDA) were the ligands for the preparation of Zn(II) metal complex. Using quantum chemistry simulations at DFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory. FT-IR, UV, and Mass spectrometry methods were characterized the complex. The computed small gap energy demonstrated that the Zn(II) molecule had good biological activity. Measured dipole moment and first-order hyperpolarizability values were useful to investigate the complex NLO activity. Intra-molecular charge transfer, donor-acceptor transitions, and stabilization energies were determined by analyzing natural bond orbital (NBO) and Mulliken charges. Electrophilic and nucleophilic interactions were performed with the MEP map. QTAIM framework explained the nature of different intermolecular interactions within the molecule. Moreover, the ADMET studies of Zn(II) compound were also analyzed. The title molecule showed good antibacterial activity.

Electropolymerization of Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymer for Efficient Dual-Ion Storage.

Rationally designed organic redox-active materials have attracted numerous interests due to their excellent electrochemical performance and reasonable sustainability. However, they often suffer from poor cycling stability, intrinsic low operating potential, and poor rate performance. Herein, a novel Donor-Acceptor (D-A) bipolar polymer with n-type pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone unit storing Li cations and p-type carbazole unit which attracts anions and provides polymerization sites is employed as a cathode for lithium-ion batteries through in situ electropolymerization. The multiple redox reactions and boosted kinetics by the D-A structure lead to excellent electrochemical performance of a high discharge capacity of 202mA h g-1 at 200mA g-1, impressive working potential (2.87 and 4.15 V), an outstanding rate capability of 119mA h g-1 at 10A g-1 and a noteworthy energy density up to 554Whkg-1. This strategy has significant implications for the molecule design of bipolar organic cathode for high cycling stability and high energy density.

Optimizing Building Energy Management with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Smart and Sustainable Infrastructure

This study develops a new technique for optimising Energy Consumption (EC) and occupant satisfaction in business centres using Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) that implement Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). Energy Management Models (EMM) are growing increasingly advanced and vital for intelligent power systems due to the growing demand for energy efficiency and the adoption of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), which are subject to variability. Flawed energy Consumption (EC) and problems are typical effects of traditional BEMS due to their unpredictability and failure to adapt to new environments. In this intended investigation, a DRL framework is demonstrated that may evolve its decision-making in real-time to control energy savings, electricity, and HVAC through input from the environment in which it operates. A pair of significant metrics, namely the cost of energy and room temperature stability, are employed to assess the effectiveness of the model compared to that provided by conventional rule-driven and predictive control systems. As investigated with different baseline models, the experimental findings proved that the DRL approach significantly reduced the cost of electricity while maintaining stable levels of comfort.

Facile Magnetite Coating for Stable High-Voltage Cycling of Nickel-Rich Cathodes in Conventional Liquid and All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The instability of Nickel (Ni)-rich cathodes at high voltage is a critical bottleneck toward developing superior lithium-ion batteries. This instability is driven by cathode-electrolyte side reactions, causing rapid degradation, and compromising the overall cycle life. In this study, a protective coating using dispersed "magnetite (FeO.Fe2O3)" nanoparticles is used to uniformly decorate the surface of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC 811) microparticles. The modified cathode delivers significant improvement in electrochemical performance at high voltage (≈4.6V) by suppressing deleterious electrode-electrolyte interactions. A notably higher cycle stability, rate performance, and overall energy density is realized for the coated cathode in a conventional liquid electrolyte battery. When deployed in pellet-stacked solid-state cells with Li6PS5Cl as the electrolyte, the magnetite-coated NMC 811 showed strikingly superior cycling stability than its uncoated counterpart, proving the versatility of the chemistry. The facile surfactant-assisted coating process developed in this work, in conjunction with the affordability, abundance, and nontoxic nature of magnetite makes this a promising approach to realize commercially viable high voltage Ni-rich cathodes that exhibit stable performance in liquid as well as solid-state lithium-ion batteries.

Theoretical insights into Mo cluster modified Fe5C2 catalysts for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction

The pursuit of green ammonia synthesis via electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction (NRR) faces challenges in developing high-performance, selective electrocatalysts. Inspired by the nitrogenase Fe-Mo cofactor, this study explores the catalytic efficiency of Mo clusters anchored on Fe5C2 for NRR. We investigate structural stability, N2 adsorption, and Gibbs free energy, revealing that Mon clusters on Fe5C2 demonstrate robust NRR selectivity and notable catalytic activity. Each of the three cluster structures demonstrated superior adsorption capacity in the "side-on" configuration. Among the studied cluster configurations, the Mo5-Fe5C2 shows the lowest limiting potential (-0.24 V), and the Mo4-Fe5C2 exhibits heightened selectivity for NRR, minimizing interference from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This enhanced performance is attributed to the unique structure and interactive dynamics of Mon-Fe5C2 and the electron orbital interactions facilitating direct nitrogen charge transfer. Our findings underscore the potential of Mo cluster-modified Fe5C2 as a pioneering catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction.

Fabrication of nickel foam/MXene/CoAl-layered double hydroxide by electrodeposition as electrode material for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) have become one of the highly promising electrode materials due to large specific area, excellent cycling stability and high energy density. However, the large internal resistance limits their applications in energy storage. The introduction of highly conductive materials is expected to solve this problem. In here, nickel foam (NF)/MXene/CoAl-LDH is prepared by electrodepositing CoAl-LDH on the surface of MXene-coated NF, and the effects of Co:Al ratio on the electrochemical properties are investigated in detail. The best electrochemical performance of the composite is obtained when Co:Al=2:1, with a specific capacitance of 646.7 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 450.8 F g−1 at 5 A g−1. Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled with NF/MXene/CoAl-LDH as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The voltage window of the device can reach 1.6 V. The specific capacitance of the device is 126.87 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. At the power density of 400 W kg−1, the energy density of 45.11 Wh kg−1 is provided. Even at the high power density of 4000 W kg−1, the energy density can still reach 17.88 Wh kg−1. After 5000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1, it still maintains a capacity retention rate of 92.9%. The asymmetric device with its high specific capacitance, long term stability and good power density and energy density has a great potential in energy storage applications.

A 3D Hierarchical Host with Gradient-Distributed Dielectric Properties toward Dendrite-free Lithium Metal Anode.

The conventional conductive three-dimensional (3D) host fails to effectively stabilize lithium metal anodes (LMAs) due to the internal incongruity arising from nonuniform lithium-ion gradient and uniform electric fields. This results in undesirable Li "top-growth" behavior and dendritic Li growth, significantly impeding the practical application of LMAs. Herein, we construct a 3D hierarchical host with gradient-distributed dielectric properties (GDD-CH) that effectively regulate Li-ion diffusion and deposition behavior. It comprises a 3D carbon fiber host modified by layer-by-layer bottom-up attenuating Sb particles, which could promote Li-ion homogeneously distribution and reduce ion concentration gradient via unique gradient dielectric polarization. Sb transforms into superionic conductive Li3Sb alloy during cycling, facilitating Li-ion dredging and pumps towards the bottom, dominating a bottom-up deposition regime confirmed by COMSOL Multiphysics simulations and physicochemical characterizations. Consequently, a stable cycling performance of symmetrical cells over 2000 h under a high current density of 10 mA cm-2 is achieved. The GDD-CH-based lithium metal battery shows remarkable cycling stability and ultra-high energy density of 378 Wh kg-1 with a low N/P ratio (1.51). This strategy of dielectric gradient design broadens the perspective for regulating the Li deposition mechanism and paves the way for developing high-energy-density lithium metal anodes with long durability.

Performance enhancement of a three-phase grid-connected PV inverter system using fractional-order integral sliding mode controls

Grid-integrated photovoltaic (PV) systems hold significant promise for sustainable energy production. However, these systems often struggle with maintaining energy quality and stability in the face of fluctuating conditions. To address these challenges, this study proposes the use of fractional-order integral sliding mode control (FO-ISMC) for grid-connected PV systems. The system comprises solar panel arrays, a DC/DC boost converter with its controller, and a three-phase inverter integrated into the utility grid. The primary goals of this study are to maximize power extraction from the PV system and to regulate system currents, thereby improving effectiveness and power quality. The proposed method is further refined using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to fine-tune parameter settings. By optimizing the command gains of the FOI-SMC, the PSO algorithm enhances system performance and stability. Leveraging fractional-order and integral terms provides the control signal with additional degrees of freedom, enhancing system performance in the presence of internal and external disturbances. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller compared to the classical controller, where in the case of Irradiation taking the value of 500 W/m2, the proposed strategy reduced the values of constant voltage, active power, and reactive power by percentages estimated at 88.18%, 90%, and 70%, respectively, compared to the traditional strategy. Also, the overshoot value of active power was reduced in all completed cases compared to the traditional strategy by percentages estimated at 53.57%, 66.66%, and 65%, respectively. The proposed strategy reduced the response time of reactive power in all cases compared to the traditional strategy by percentages estimated at 58.59%, 28.80%, and 75%, respectively. These ratios show the high performance of the proposed control in improving the characteristics of the studied system compared to traditional control based on PI control.

A cobalt ion concentration detection model with temperature interference resistance via a novel contrastive neural network

Accurately detecting the concentration of cobalt ions in zinc solution is of great significance for improving the energy efficiency and stability of zinc hydrometallurgy. However, traditional cobalt ion detection methods have low efficiency and are susceptible to temperature interference. For this purpose, we collected spectral data of cobalt zinc solutions with different concentrations under multiple temperature conditions using a self-developed automatic detection system. Based on this dataset, we proposed a novel comparative neural network with self-attention layer, and optimized its parameters through comparative experiments. The test results indicate that the network can effectively eliminate temperature interference in spectral data. In addition, the problems of distortion and redundant dimension in the output features of comparative neural networks were discovered, and feature correction and screening were completed using isometric mapping and competitive adaptive reweighting sampling algorithms. Finally, the partial least squares regression was used to regress the obtained features, and the final regression accuracy reached 0.064 mg/L. The test results show that the accuracy of this model is 4.52 times that of the neural network model that directly maps spectral data to concentration.

Thermo-mechanical characterizations and erosion wear studies of fumed silica-reinforced jute/epoxy composites

This study investigates the influence of nano-fumed silica content on thermo-mechanical properties of jute/epoxy composites. The results reveal that jute composites without filler (JJJJ-0) exhibited highest tensile strength (33.01 MPa) and percentage elongation (1.9522%), while composites with 1.5% and 2.5% filler demonstrated the highest tensile modulus (1967 MPa) and flexural modulus (2432.9 MPa), respectively. The observation demonstrates that as the filler content increases in jute composites, tensile strength decreases but flexural strength increases. However, an exception is noted for sample containing excess filler (3.5%), which exhibited the lowest flexural strength (44.36 MPa). The composite with 2.5% filler exhibited the highest flexural strength (53.5 MPa). Thermal analysis indicated that the addition of nanofiller enhanced both the activation energy (Ea) and thermal stability of the jute composites. A four-layer carbon composite without filler (CCCC-0) was also fabricated in order to compare wear and thermal stability performance with jute composites. The wear study was performed at different temperatures and found that JJJJ-3.5 composite exhibited superior wear resistance at ambient temperature, while CCCC-0 composite had better wear resistance at high temperatures. Also, the surface morphology of the eroded surface was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the failure mechanism of composites.

High-performance Ti-doped strontium cobaltite perovskites as oxygen electrodes in solid oxide cells

Oxygen electrodes play a vital role in realizing high-performance solid oxide cells (SOCs) with high roundtrip efficiency, large-scale capacity, and long-term stability energy storage. This paper constructs Ti-doped strontium cobaltite perovskites (SrCo1-xTixO3-δ, SCTx, x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) as newly stable oxygen electrodes for SOCs. The changes of oxygen vacancy in SCTx with Ti-doped concentration are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the content of oxygen vacancy decreases with the enrichment of Ti doping. The area-specific resistance (ASR) of the symmetrical cell with SrCo0.8Ti0.2O3-δ (SCT2) electrode is only 0.013 Ω cm2 at 850 °C in air. The single cell with SCT2 oxygen electrode achieves the peak power density of 1.313 W cm−2 at 850 °C under humidified H2 conditions in fuel cells mode, and the current density reaches 2.95 A cm−2 under an electrolytic voltage of 1.9 V at 850 °C for CO2 electrolysis. The Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the oxygen vacancy formation energy is the lowest when the ratio of Ti to Co is 2:8, verifying the superior property of SCT2. This study comes up with a creation for developing high-stability and high-activity oxygen electrode materials that can be used for energy storage systems.

A volumetric, ultraacoustical study and computational study of molecular interactions in 4-aminoantipyrine-aqueous-β-cyclodextrin solutions

Present work reports experimental densities and corresponding apparent and standard partial molar volumes, ultrasonic velocities and isentropic, apparent and standard partial molar compressibilities of 4-Aminoantipyrine-aqueous-β-cyclodextrin (0.000 mol∙kg−1, 0.001 mol∙kg−1, 0.005 mol∙kg−1, 0.010 mol∙kg−1and 0.015 mol∙kg−1) solutions at different temperatures. Transfer properties like transfer volumes and compressions were calculated. The refractive indices of these systems were also measured. The computational properties such as solvation energy (ΔESol), relative stabilization energy (ΔERel), complexation energy (ΔEComp) and change in volume (ΔV) were computed using DFT. The results from volumetric and acoustical studies have been evaluated in terms of molecular interactions and their existence confirmed from experimental and computational studies. The values of transfer volumes and compressibilities indicate the hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions between polar groups of 4-Aminoantipyrine and hydroxyl groups of β-cyclodextrin dominating over hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions between the phenyl group of 4-Aminoantipyrine and hydrophobic interior of β-cyclodextrin.

Energy absorption of central self-similar honeycombs under quasi-static axial load

At present, improving the energy absorption capacity of lightweight degradable polymer honeycombs is crucial for one of the future engineering applications and bio-inspired strategy based on hierarchy is considered an efficient method for designing honeycomb structures. To improve the energy absorption performance and stability of polymer honeycombs, this study develops three central self-similar bio-inspired honeycombs combining the microstructure of horsetails and designs different connections between the two walls and connecting structures for the central self-similar honeycombs. Bio-inspired honeycombs are fabricated using toughened polylactic acid (PolyMaxTM PLA) through fused deposition modelling and subjected to axial compression tests. The finite element (FE) models of the bio-inspired honeycombs are developed to simulate the axial compression process and verified with experimental results. Results show that the connecting structures distributed on the outer wall of the central self-similar honeycombs considerably improve the energy absorption performance of the bio-inspired honeycombs. In the double-cell honeycombs, connecting structures interact with the cell walls, leading to the formation of more folding lobes on the cell walls and increased cell wall utilisation. Furthermore, the effects of geometrical parameters on the energy absorption performance of the bio-inspired honeycombs are investigated. Suitable connecting structure size and cell wall thickness can improve the energy absorption performance and stability of the honeycombs. In addition, the theoretical calculation models of the three bio-inspired honeycombs are established, and the errors with the FE calculation results are within 6%, which verifies the accuracy of the theoretical models.

Plating Al coating on high-strength steel in chloroaluminate ionic liquid under pulse current modes

Aluminum coating is a potential candidate for cadmium coating replacement due to its excellent corrosion resistance and nontoxicity. Among the fabrication methods of Al coating, plating Al via ionic liquids has drawn major attention of researchers because of the superiority of controllability, stability and low energy consumption. However, the evolution rules of plating aluminum on high-strength steel via pulse current modes at room temperature requires deeper investigation. In this work, pulse current density and pulse duty factor are regulated to reveal the plating patterns of Al on 300M high-strength steel in AlCl3-EMIC (2:1 in mole) ionic liquid. It is found that higher current density can significantly facilitate the nucleation of Al grains and the compactness of morphology, while an enlarged pulse duty factor tends to result in more regular Al crystals. When the current density and the pulse duty factor are fixed at 20 mA cm−2 and 80 %, the densest and most uniform aluminum coating is obtained. The component of Al coating is verified to be pure Al crystals with good adhesion and the plating process achieves a high current efficiency of 97.27 %. Under the protection of Al coating, the impedance and galvanic corrosion current density of 300M steel substrate are optimized by two orders of magnitude, and the corrosion current density is markedly decreased from 5.58 μA cm−2 to 0.77 μA cm−2.

WAYS TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF PULSATIONS IN LOCAL POWER SUPPLY ROBOTIC SYSTEMS

An analysis of the changes in the flow of pulsation transforming the energy-dynamic indicators of on-board power electronics systems has shown that there are several options for solving this problem.
 The article outlines the main options for the current problem of pulsation in the energy systems of autonomous electrical systems, such as UAVs, robotic complexes, and other systems. The effectiveness of changes in pulsation is examined, in addition to directly assessing the effectiveness of stagnation strategies and methods. Also in the statistics, the optimal technical solutions for specific operating minds were identified.
 The prospects and future directives have been predicted based on the proposals for further research in the sphere of changes in pulsation in local life systems.
 In the future, it is predicted and supported by the development of technology and innovation in this country.
 To sum up, we can say that the statistics have analyzed the changes in pulsation in robotic local power supply systems, which is one of the key directions in the field of electrical engineering and electronics. Increased attention to this problem is due to the need for assured stability, reliability and greater energy efficiency of electronic systems. Research in this area is aimed at developing more comprehensive methods and strategies for reducing noise and pulsation in electrical systems.
 Assessing the effectiveness of stagnant methods, promoting the development of new technologies and innovation, as well as developing promising directions in this field opens the way to creating more stable and adaptive living systems. Replacement of advanced electronic filters, voltage stabilizers, selection of new materials and components, integration of intelligent energy management systems and optimization of essential energy resources local power supply systems – the whole purpose is to directly conduct further investigations.
 The growing demand for stable and efficient electronic systems is driven by current research and the introduction of new technologies to change pulsation. Technological developments and scientific research in this area open up broad prospects for reducing the power supply and ensuring the stability of the functioning of modern electronic devices.

Study on a novel Al-B-Li alloy powder with high enthalpy of combustion

ABSTRACT To develop aluminum-based alloy fuels with high energy release levels and good storage stability, the series of Al-B-Li alloy powders were prepared using high-temperature gas atomization. Al-4B-5Li meets the batch preparation requirements, with the mass combustion enthalpy of 31,101 J/g, exceeding the theoretical value of pure Al powder. XRD, SEM/EDS, XPS, TG-DTA, and other methods were used to characterize the alloy powder. The results showed that at 680℃~800°C, “channels” favorable for oxygen diffusion are formed inside the particles, which promotes the complete oxidation of Al-4B-5Li at 1300°C. Al-4B-5Li exhibits a total heat release of 6317 mJ/mg and an oxidation weight gain ratio of up to 95.0%, compared to just 8.39% for pure Al powder. In addition, Al-4B-5Li has good storage stability and lower energy attenuation compared to Al-5Li. After being placed in air for two weeks, the mass combustion enthalpy still exceeds 29,500 J/g, with a decay rate of only 4.52%. And the attenuation rate of Al-5Li is 10.17%. Al-4B-5Li has excellent combustion heat, thermal oxidation performance, and storage stability, and has good application prospects in the field of energetic materials.